Dengue knowledge for medical students and physicians. The dengue pandemic has intensified in the past 20 years, with expanding geographical distribution of both. Infection is caused by the dengue virus, of which there are four closelyrelated but antigenically distinct serotypes that do not confer crossimmunity. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Disease surveillance and outbreak prevention and control pdf, 58kb chapter 7. Dhf starts abruptly with high continuous fever and headache plus respiratory and intestinal symptoms with sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Dengue and severe dengue world health organization. Dengue and its severe forms, namely, dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf and dengue shock. Female mosquitoes, predominantly of the species aedesaegyptiand less commonly, aedesalbopictus,are responsible for the transmission of the dengue virus. The pdf version will be available on the who searo website. Pathogenesis of vascular leak in dengue virus infection. Who is at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever, and its more recent severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, is the most important arthropodtransmitted viral disease of humans in the world today. Mar 06, 2018 dengue, a mosquitoborne virus prevalent throughout the tropics and subtropics, infects an estimated 390 million people every year.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf is a severe form of dengue fever df, which can be life threatening. Countries or territories in which dengue or dengue haemorrhagic fever is. Once you are infected with one of the dengue viruses, you will develop immunity to that. The clinical manifestations of dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic. Approximately 50 million people are infected annually, with 25 000 deaths. It is a vasculopathy that consists in endothelial lesions which allow plasma leakage and hemorrhages. Vitamin d serostatus and dengue fever progression to dengue. Guidelines for treatment of dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever in small hospitals developed by the who regional office is widely used 1. Some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease.
Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, ae. Dengue and dhf are viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf is a severe form of dengue fever. Dengue hemorrhagic fever may arise from repeated infection with different serotypes of the dengue virus.
Epidemiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever in indonesia. The objective of this study is to assess the clinical profile of the dengue infection in children less than 15 years of age and to evaluate the outcomes of dengue fever from march 2017 to july. Who is at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic. Countries or territories in which dengue or dengue haemorrhagic fever is known to occur, by who region, 19751996 pdf, 26kb annex 2. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever clinical microbiology. Introduction dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. In recent years, cases of adult dhf have been reported in countries such as cuba, puerto rico, singapore 9, and bangladesh. Mortality from severe dengue is low, but the economic and resource burden on health services remains substantial in endemic settings. Pdf dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever in adolescents. Travelassociated and locally acquired dengue cases. To provide a national incidence rate and case fatality rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever in indonesia through an analysis of the national disease surveillance database from the directorate general of disease prevention and control of ministry of health. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control, 2nd ed. However, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf has been traditionally known to be a disease of older children 8. Severe cases of dengue fever can result in dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome, and even death.
Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever centers for disease. Prospective forecasts of annual dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever breakbone fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever. In 1998 this mosquitoborne disease is the most important. If you are out in the boondocks and come down with dengue fever, consider evacuating immediately to somewhere with such a hospital. The emergence of a global health problem dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are caused by one of four closely related, but antigenically distinct, virus serotypes den1, den2, den3, and den4, of the genus flavivirus 1. Those with weakened immune systemsyoung children, the elderly, or those who suffer from chronic diseasesas well as those who have been infected with dengue in the past, are more at risk for severe dengue.
In addition, the case definition was modified in 2015 to classify dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome as severe dengue and dengue fever and dengue fever with hemorrhage as dengue 7. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america. There has been no previous summary of existing dengue guidelines to explore their usefulness in the context of imci and to identify questions for research. Dengue hemorrhagic fever can occur when someone is bitten by a mosquito or exposed to blood infected with the dengue virus. Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. The who regional office for southeast asia publish dengue.
Dengue bulletin dengue volume 39, december 2016 bulletin issn 02508362 issn 02508362 who the who regional office for southeast asia publish the annual dengue bulletin. Each year, 50100 million cases of dengue fever and several hundred thousand cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever occur. Dengue is a mosquitoborne viral disease that has rapidly spread in all regions of who in recent years. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. Treating dengue hemorrhagic fever requires the resources of a modern hospital. Travelassociated and locally acquired dengue cases united. A syndrome due to the dengue virus that tends to affect children under 10, causing abdominal pain, hemorrhage bleeding and circulatory collapse. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever pubmed central pmc.
Jun 20, 2019 to provide a national incidence rate and case fatality rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever in indonesia through an analysis of the national disease surveillance database from the directorate general of disease prevention and control of ministry of health. In affected regions such as asia and latin america, severe dengue is a leading cause of hospitalization and. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. Dengue haemorrhagic fever typical cases of dhf are characterized by four major clinical manifestations. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. It causes high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eye, joint pain, and muscle pain. Read more about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, causes and prognosis. Infection with one of these serotypes does not provide cross.
The causative agent of denfue hemorrhagic fever dhf is dengue virus, of which there are 4 serotypes. While the majority of infections are mild or asymptomatic, the more severe forms of dengue infectiondengue shock syndrome dss and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhfcan result in organ failure or death. Jun 28, 2019 people with weakened immune systems as well as those with a second or subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. People with weakened immune systems as well as those with a second or subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected aedes mosquitoes, principally aedes aegypti, which is also the principal urban vector of yellow fever. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of this epidemic by comparing national surveillance data for 2017 with data from the preceding 5 years. Severe dengue, including dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, is characterized by severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums dengue is a mosquitoborne flavivirus found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mostly in urban and semiurban settings. Dengue feverdengue hemorrhagic fever dengue feverdengue hemorrhagic fever bruce r. During 2010 2017, a total of 5,387 dengue cases were reported from u. Cases of dengue and dhf are confirmed every year in travelers returning to the united. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes especially aedes aegypti and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. Pdf global epidemiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. These mosquitoes are also vectors of chikungunya, yellow fever and zika viruses.
Vitamin d serostatus and dengue fever progression to. The number of dengue fever publications has grown strongly since 1960. When a person is infected with dengue virus for the first. A second exposure to the virus can result in dengue hemorrhagic fever, a. Page 1 objective at the end of the session the learner will be able to. Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are increasingly recognized as major public health problems in over 100 countries in the tropics and subtropics. Dengue is a disease caused by the bite of a mosquito infected with any one of four specific dengue viruses. The original classification system advocated by who in 1997 separated clinical dengue disease into two distinct entities, dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Guerdan, md, mph abstract in september 2009 the first documented, locally acquired cases of dengue fever in eighty years were diagnosed in individuals living in or visiting key west, florida. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and is caused by one of four dengue viruses.
Texas has the highest number of cases of dengue fever in the united states. Aug 25, 2019 dengue fever, or west nile fever, is a mild viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes which causes fever, rashes and muscle and joint aches. If left untreated, dengue fever can develop into the fatal dengue. Sanofi updates information on dengue vaccine, december 4, 2017.
Although older adults account for only a minority of dhf cases, amount. Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf what are dengue and dhf. Treatment includes rehydration and recovery is expected. A total of 186,101 suspected cases and 440 denguerelated deaths occurred. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne viral illness found throughout the.
Dengue fever, or west nile fever, is a mild viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes which causes fever, rashes and muscle and joint aches. Department of health and human services centers for. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure shock and death.
Dengue, a mosquitoborne virus prevalent throughout the tropics and subtropics, infects an estimated 390 million people every year. This prospective observational study took place from march 2017 to september 2017. Symptomatic dengue infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild dengue fever df to potentially fatal disease, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf or dengue shock syndrome dss. Jan 26, 2019 dengue, the most widespread mosquitoborne viral infection in humans, is an emerging public health problem in countries of the eastern mediterranean region threatening national, regional, and global health security. National guidelines for clinical management of dengue fever. According to an analysis of pubmed, performed by break dengue, just five search results were returned for dengue fever in the year 1960. Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. Disease burden of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever 3. Jan 27, 2016 introduction dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. The table includes total number of cases reported in the united states, by region and by states, in accordance with the current method of displaying mmwr data. However, although these severe complications are infrequent and are usually readily identifiable, the spectrum of clinical manifestations is broad and can be quite subtle. Dengue fever df and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are the most prevalent form of flavivirus infection in humans. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years.
In this table, provisional cases of selected notifiable diseases. A second exposure to the virus can result in dengue hemorrhagic fever, a lifethreatening illness. Dengue classically presents with high fever, headache, body aches, exanthem, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus. The first recorded epidemic of dengue was reported in the late 18thcentury and affected asia, africa, and north america. In 2017, a dengue epidemic of unexpected magnitude occurred in sri lanka. Infection with one serotype of denv provides immunity to that. Dengue, the most widespread mosquitoborne viral infection in humans, is an emerging public health problem in countries of the eastern mediterranean region threatening national, regional, and global health security. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever world health organization.
Vitamin d serostatus and dengue fever progression to dengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome e. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever 1 dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever information for health care practitioners dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, 2, 3, and 4. Feb 16, 2018 dengue denggey fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Symptoms and risk factors for dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf and severe dengue differ between children and adults, with comorbidities and incidence in more. The objective of the bulletin is to disseminate updated information on the current status of dengue fever dengue haemorrhagic fever infection, changing. The four dengue viruses are transmitted by aedes spp. Herran2 1department of epidemiology, university of michigan school of public health, ann arbor, mi, usa. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhfdengue shock syndrome dss.